PRISM provides a comprehensive directory of the world's leading institutions, researchers, and projects advancing our understanding of machine consciousness. From theoretical foundations to empirical studies, explore the cutting-edge work shaping the future of conscious AI systems
Academic Institutes
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Research Focus Overview
The Center for the Future of AI, Mind & Society (AIMS) is a multi-disciplinary hub where thought leaders in philosophy, complex systems, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, political science, and other fields come together to analyze vital scientific, societal, and ethical issues.Location: Florida, USA.
Website:People
Susan Schneider, Director
Garrett Mindt, Program Director: Future of Consciousness Initiative
Full staff listing.
Selected Research
Schneider, S. (2025). Chatbot Epistemology. Social Epistemology, 39(5), 570–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2025.2500030
Public Engagement
Mindfest 2025 recordings.
Video and podcast recordings.
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Research Focus Overview
The Graziano lab focuses on a mechanistic theory of consciousness, the Attention Schema Theory (AST). The theory seeks to explain how an information-processing machine such as the brain can insist it has consciousness, describe consciousness in the magicalist ways that people often do, assign a high degree of confidence to those assertions, and attribute a similar property of consciousness to others in a social context. AST is about how the brain builds informational models of self and of others, and how those models create physically incoherent intuitions about a semi-magical mind, while at the same time serving specific, adaptive, cognitive uses.Website: https://grazianolab.princeton.edu/
Selected Research
Graziano, M. S. (2017). The attention schema theory: A foundation for engineering artificial consciousness. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 4, 60. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2017.00060/full
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Research Focus Overview
New York City, USA. The Center is dedicated to exploring the fundamental issues in the mind–brain sciences through a deeply interdisciplinary lens, incorporating philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, computer science, and other fields.Website: https://wp.nyu.edu/consciousness/
People:
Ned Block, Director
David Chalmers, Director
Selected Research
Chalmers, David J. "Could a large language model be conscious?." arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.07103 (2023).
Public Engagement
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Research Focus Overview
New York City, USA. The NYU Center for Mind, Ethics, and Policy conducts and supports foundational research on the nature and intrinsic value of nonhuman minds, including biological and artificial minds.Website: https://sites.google.com/nyu.edu/mindethicspolicy/home
People:
Full staff list.
Selected Research
Caviola, Lucius, Jeff Sebo, and Jonathan Birch. "What will society think about AI consciousness? Lessons from the animal case." Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2025).
Long, Robert, Jeff Sebo, and Toni Sims. "Is there a tension between AI safety and AI welfare?." Philosophical Studies (2025): 1-29.
Long, Robert, et al. "Taking AI welfare seriously." arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.00986 (2024).
Public Engagement
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Non-profits
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Research Focus Overview
Florida, USA. The Center for the Future of AI, Mind & Society (AIMS) is a multi-disciplinary hub where thought leaders in philosophy, complex systems, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, political science, and other fields come together to analyze vital scientific, societal, and ethical issues.
People
Susan Schneider, Director
Garrett Mindt, Program Director: Future of Consciousness Initiative
Full staff listing.
Selected Research
Schneider, S. (2025). Chatbot Epistemology. Social Epistemology, 39(5), 570–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2025.2500030
Public Engagement
Mindfest 2025 recordings.
Video and podcast recordings.
-
Research Focus Overview
The Graziano lab focuses on a mechanistic theory of consciousness, the Attention Schema Theory (AST). The theory seeks to explain how an information-processing machine such as the brain can insist it has consciousness, describe consciousness in the magicalist ways that people often do, assign a high degree of confidence to those assertions, and attribute a similar property of consciousness to others in a social context. AST is about how the brain builds informational models of self and of others, and how those models create physically incoherent intuitions about a semi-magical mind, while at the same time serving specific, adaptive, cognitive uses.Website: https://grazianolab.princeton.edu/
Selected Research
Graziano, M. S. (2017). The attention schema theory: A foundation for engineering artificial consciousness. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 4, 60. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2017.00060/full
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Research Focus Overview
New York City, USA. The Center is dedicated to exploring the fundamental issues in the mind–brain sciences through a deeply interdisciplinary lens, incorporating philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, computer science, and other fields.Website: https://wp.nyu.edu/consciousness/
People:
Ned Block, Director
David Chalmers, Director
Selected Research
Chalmers, David J. "Could a large language model be conscious?." arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.07103 (2023).
Public Engagement
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Research Focus Overview
New York City, USA. The NYU Center for Mind, Ethics, and Policy conducts and supports foundational research on the nature and intrinsic value of nonhuman minds, including biological and artificial minds.Website: https://sites.google.com/nyu.edu/mindethicspolicy/home
People:
Full staff list.
Selected Research
Caviola, Lucius, Jeff Sebo, and Jonathan Birch. "What will society think about AI consciousness? Lessons from the animal case." Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2025).
Long, Robert, Jeff Sebo, and Toni Sims. "Is there a tension between AI safety and AI welfare?." Philosophical Studies (2025): 1-29.
Long, Robert, et al. "Taking AI welfare seriously." arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.00986 (2024).
Public Engagement
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Private companies
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Research Focus Overview
People
Selected Research
Public Engagement
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Research Focus Overview
The Graziano lab focuses on a mechanistic theory of consciousness, the Attention Schema Theory (AST). The theory seeks to explain how an information-processing machine such as the brain can insist it has consciousness, describe consciousness in the magicalist ways that people often do, assign a high degree of confidence to those assertions, and attribute a similar property of consciousness to others in a social context. AST is about how the brain builds informational models of self and of others, and how those models create physically incoherent intuitions about a semi-magical mind, while at the same time serving specific, adaptive, cognitive uses.Website: https://grazianolab.princeton.edu/
Selected Research
Graziano, M. S. (2017). The attention schema theory: A foundation for engineering artificial consciousness. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 4, 60. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2017.00060/full
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Research Focus Overview
New York City, USA. The Center is dedicated to exploring the fundamental issues in the mind–brain sciences through a deeply interdisciplinary lens, incorporating philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, computer science, and other fields.Website: https://wp.nyu.edu/consciousness/
People:
Ned Block, Director
David Chalmers, Director
Selected Research
Chalmers, David J. "Could a large language model be conscious?." arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.07103 (2023).
Public Engagement
-
Research Focus Overview
New York City, USA. The NYU Center for Mind, Ethics, and Policy conducts and supports foundational research on the nature and intrinsic value of nonhuman minds, including biological and artificial minds.Website: https://sites.google.com/nyu.edu/mindethicspolicy/home
People:
Full staff list.
Selected Research
Caviola, Lucius, Jeff Sebo, and Jonathan Birch. "What will society think about AI consciousness? Lessons from the animal case." Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2025).
Long, Robert, Jeff Sebo, and Toni Sims. "Is there a tension between AI safety and AI welfare?." Philosophical Studies (2025): 1-29.
Long, Robert, et al. "Taking AI welfare seriously." arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.00986 (2024).
Public Engagement
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